Medical Science
An overview of genetic testing for cardiovascular disease risk
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
Cardiovascular disease affects millions of people worldwide, accounting for 30 percent of global deaths in 2008 according to the World Health Organization (WHO), most due to coronary artery disease and stroke. According to the Centers for Disease Control, heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease, is...
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An overview of genetic tests for breast cancer risk
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime according to the National Library of Medicine. Though the risk of developing tumors in the breast is associated with hormone or radiation exposure, alcohol use and other environmental toxicities, genes appear to...
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The association between PON-1 and clopidogrel responsiveness
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
Clopidogrel is the generic name for an anti-platelet drug used to prevent heart attack and stroke. It is sold under the brand name Plavix. In order for the drug to work, it must be metabolized in the body. Metabolic enzymes are encoded by genes, making...
Causes of hepatic encephalopathy
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
Encephalopathy is a generic medical term for diseases and disorders that alter the function or structure of the brain. Hepatic means liver, so hepatic encephalopathy is a disorder of the brain due to problems with the liver. The liver plays an important role in the...
Scientists find 'master switch' gene for obesity
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
Heart disease and obesity are inter-related, as well as being related to cholesterol and fat deposition in the body. On May 15, 2011, the journal Nature Genetics published work by a British research group that indicates a potential “master switch” for keeping all of...
Wolbachia bacteria can be used to combat dengue virus
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
Dengue fever is caused by four related viruses that are spread by mosquitoes, affecting 100 million people each year and killing more than 12,000. The common fever is generally not fatal, but infection causes uncomfortable and unpleasant symptoms for a week or longer without...
Endocrine glands of the human body
By: Alicia M Prater PhD
The human body has a complex chemical messenger system enabled by the endocrine system. The major components of this system, the endocrine glands, consist of specialized cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream (i.e. ductless) so they can travel to and act on...
Body defense and immunity
By: Christyl Rivers
Like all complex animals, the human body displays remarkable immune defenses against invaders, such as bacteria and virus, that would otherwise overwhelm the system.There are also internal parasites to be dealt with in each body. When a person sneezes, he or she expels thousands...
Facts about blood vessels
By: Jose Juan Gutierrez
The blood vessels form part of the circulatory system. The circulatory system comprises a continuous system of tubes, which transports nutrients, oxygen, and water to millions of body cells and carries away waste material, including carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. The major types of...
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): Diagnosis and treatment
By: William Menna
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, commonly known as LAM, is a very rare and serious lung disease. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis begins with shortness of breath during exercise and progresses to the point where breathing becomes difficult throughout the day. LAM mostly affects women, though men can also develop the condition. Diagnosing...
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